Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2020

This study aims to a comparative study of development plans of Iran and South Korea over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic and political development using comparative historical; research method. Theoretical framework is derived from Amartya Sen, Shils and Adrian Leftwich theories. Results of this study depict that under development approach of South Korea, priority has been considering development infrastructures, caring about educations and training workforce, caring about proper relationship between government and private sector, modification of monetary and financial systems appropriate to development, export promotion and development strategy. On the other hand, in Iran, the timing of the process of restoring stability and peace to the political arena is always a major obstacle to economic growth. The changes in political and ideological management, the definition and management of the economic system, the leap from the private economy to the state, have imposed massive fluctuations on the economy. For this reason, comparing the two countries studied, it can be concluded that Iran did not succeed in the process of economic-political development. In Iran, despite certain conditions, especially after the Islamic Revolution, events such as  the Iran-Iraq war; foreign pressures; the imposition of economic sanctions; the reduction of relations with foreign markets; and so on, appeared as barriers to development and caused Iran's failure in her developmental programs, while South Korea has been successful according to the accurate plans.

This paper is a reassessment of underlying factors of juvenile delinquency in the purview of Covid-19. The study tries to judge the relationship between juvenile delinquency and impact of media, heredity, environment, time, age, school performance, economic status, association etc. The significance of the relationships has been tested. Moreover, attempt has been made to study the influence of the juveniles’ sexual status and residential status on juvenile delinquency. It is observed that juvenile delinquency inside the home has been increased during the lockdown period. The study reveals that media has a significant impact on juvenile delinquency. There exists no significant relationship between juvenile delinquency and age, economic status of the juveniles. The study proves that there exists a significant relationship between juvenile delinquency and heredity, environment, time, school performance, association etc. The study also proves that juvenile delinquency and juveniles’ sexual status and residential status are not independent.

Multicultural education, as an educational reform movement, has been given ample attention since 1960s. It has sought to promote the democratic values and educational equality in culturally and racially diverse communities. One of the most important issues at the forefront of education in multi-ethnic societies is how to bring social cohesion by helping people from different cultural, racial, linguistic and ethnic groups develop the positive intergroup attitudes. Given the importance of multicultural education in recognizing and respecting diversity, this paper seeks to investigate how multicultural education can promote the construction of a democratic society. In this qualitative investigation, data was collected through individual interviews, focus group discussions and oral history. The well-known technique of Delphi method was used to analyse the data. The results reveal that multicultural-pluralistic education is poised to maintain educational equilibrium, and develop cross-cultural knowledge and values. Indeed, paying attention to pluralist education can be a way of making democracy more accessible by building on what can be prevented from achieving cultural diversity. As long as the dominant discourses rooted in pre-modern eras do not open the way to play the signs and the presence of the abandoned and marginalized groups, practicing of the democracy will only remain in the realm of constructing and creating political inputs. The liberation from of such institutions, which itself has become the most fundamental challenge of human life, has gone through the reconstruction and the foundation of a focused and non-pluralistic educational system. Something that doubles the hope of achieving progress and freedom in society.

Nowadays, despite the Internet, social networks are the main competitors of mass networks, and the number of their users is increasing day to day. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a cultural model to understand the process of attracting TV audiences. This research is a practical research, and a descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection. The research orientation type is integrated research and has been done in qualitative and quantitative parts two: The research population consists of all experts in the field of television and cultural managers in the field of television, which 384 people of them have been selected as a sample and purposefully. By analyzing the initial data obtained through the study and analysis of documents, the initial dimensions and components of the process of attracting TV audiences were extracted in 6 dimensions and 26 components. Then, a questionnaire was prepared from them and provided to the sample size, and finally, the model of attracting the understanding of the TV audiences process in six dimensions of audience, loyalty and satisfaction, advertising, brand building, service quality and media trust was presented. In the final section, the final questionnaire with 67 items was provided to the selected samples, which investigated the importance of research dimensions and components. The results of factor analysis confirmed all the components extracted based on theoretical foundations and research background. The findings showed that among the dimensions, service quality by mean (0.88) has had the highest effect on the process of attracting TV audiences and media trust by mean (0.61) has had the least effect on the process of attracting TV audiences.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of child-centred play therapy on the moral intelligence and bullying of primary school students. The statistical population studied was all primary school students in Shahriar city. The sampling method was available and a counselling centre called the "Hal Khoob Andisheh” Centre was selected. During the first four months of 2019, a moral intelligence and bullying test was performed on 60 elementary school students who came to the centre for behavioural disorders related to the subject. 30 students were selected who received the lowest scores in the moral intelligence test and the highest scores in the bullying test. The 30 individuals were then randomly assigned to control and experiment with 2 groups of 15 individuals. Data collection tools included Michele Borba's Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (1950) and Ellie Noise's Bullying Questionnaire (2001). Then, 11 30-minute sessions of child-centred play therapy were performed on the target group (experiments) and at the end of the session, two groups of experiments and post-test control were performed and the results were analysed. Results at a significance level of 0.001 showed that child-centred play therapy had an effect on the moral intelligence and bullying of elementary students.

This research has been conducted mainly to examine the role of social networks in promoting urban culture in Karaj citizens in 2018. The research intends to investigate the role of attendance in social networks and the type of using it to promote urban culture and social networks' role in the legalism, responsibility, participation, and universality that are the components of urban culture. This research's statistical population covers the citizens of Karaj (youth and middle-aged people, including people aged 15 to 64). The questionnaire and an interview were used as the research method and technique. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling. The results indicate the research hypotheses that there is a significant relationship between using and attendance in social networks in promoting urban culture. There is also a significant relationship between using social networks and legalism, responsibility, participation, and citizens' universality. It means urban culture can be promoted using social networks and encouraging citizens to join the channels and pages of urban institutions through incentives and training instruments, provided that the citizen's interests be respected more in these issues. On the other hand, the achieved results explain that currently, the content of social networks of urban institutions infrequently examines the issue of urban culture. Hence, urban institutions should examine the category of urban culture to train urban culture through social networks. Interviewed experts and specialists also have expressed that it is possible to increase the membership of individuals in the channels and social network pages related to the institutions using proper incentive instruments, to be effective in training citizens to promote effective urban culture by providing beneficial, targeted, and needed content.

The present study aimed to perform the typology of obese people’s attitude to life and their decision-making for bariatric cosmetic surgery. The researcher selected an inductive approach to answer the questions of this study. Phenomenological method as the main method of the study with semi-structured interview technique helped the researcher collect data. The population included those who had undergone bariatric surgery and the saturation was obtained after 17 interviews. The researcher's theoretical perspective was based on the trans-school principle of opportunities, as well as the lifestyle and view of Elias and Habermas, which was merely used as a flexible and modifiable perspective of the researcher. The results indicated that there were three groups of people with three attitudes of independence, fear of the future, and preventive. The attitude of independence was created because of the damage to social interactions, the attitude of fear of the future was based on the presence of early and cross-sectional symptoms in patients, and the preventive approach with a view to weight loss was created for increasing life opportunities among patients. Two methods of recommending surgery and deciding on surgery were common among patients. One of the groups that decided to have surgery include the young people who considered it as the easiest way for losing weight and took advantage of their life opportunities and this was their incentive for bariatric surgery.

Sustainable development is the result of fundamental changes in dimensions, indicators and social, economic, cultural components, etc. in the context of modern information and communication technology developments, which has taken steps to achieve the development of technical human beings in the postmodern age, so that human beings in the future will direct most of their social and economic activities through cyberspace using pseudo-humans, and there will be no need for people to be present in the field of economic and social interactions, in which banks have been taking effective steps for many years to turn traditional banks into e-banking to align with global operations. Thus, this study was carried out aimed to examine the context of developments in the electronic banking industry towards sustainable development that has been carried out using a qualitative method and reviewing the contents of relevant documents, articles and theories. As a result, industrial processes have changed with the advent of e-commerce, the banking industry has also evolved in turn. Various infrastructures such as material and human resources are needed to implement electronic banking in any country, which on the one hand, its technological growth and innovation in banks have increased the speed and quality of operations and services, and on the other hand, it has been associated with the development of cultural and social indicators of human resources in the modern space. As it deals with the nurture of technical human beings.

Headed household women are among vulnerable and forgotten social groups in natural disasters, and cultural circumstances and gender-related issues affect how they manage the disasters. On the other hand, the agency will also be important in this encounter. This study examines the lived experience of the headed household women in Kermanshah from this perspective in the 2017 earthquake to provide a background model for "the process of empowerment of headed household women in natural disasters." This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach and research method of grounded theory. Theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with 15 headed household women in the eight areas of the earthquake in Kermanshah, including Thalas Babajani, Sarpol-e Zahab, etc. have been performed to a degree of theoretical saturation in order to collect field data. 363 primary concepts, 20 major categories, and the central concept of "intensifier of disabling social foundations" have emerged from coding the data and using the grounded theory method. The phenomenon of "Capacity poverty - the threat of opportunities" (disabled women) caused by value systems and repressive ideologies dominated in the field of study, poor crisis management, poverty and deprivation in the region, and lack of technical knowledge and skills of participants that resulted in strategies of active action and social resilience and compromise. This study's findings show some consequences caused by the constructed phenomenon, helplessness and indifference, power challenges, threats and insecurity, feelings of abandonment, physical and psychological injuries, and children's challenge. The results determine that the process of "empowerment" of the headed household women in the appearance of natural disasters is conditional on conditions such as that opportunities to be obtainable through support structures and social barriers and restraints to be not so threatening and powerful as to prevent opportunities and cause deprivation of capabilities and they also consider themselves qualified to "agency".

The present study aimed to conduct a sociological study on the role of socio-cultural factors on the political participation of the youth in Tabriz in 2017. The statistical population included the youth living in Tabriz at the age range 15-29. Based on the population and housing census in 2015, the above-mentioned statistical population in Tabriz was equal to 1173916 people, of whom 575219 were female and 598697 were male. Cochran's formula was used for estimating the sample size, during which the required number of samples was calculated as 384. The sampling method in this study was multi-stage and cluster. In this method, the members of the population are selected according to the hierarchy from larger units to smaller units of the population. Cultural and social actions have a very high relationship with the level of political participation among the youth.